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By Gerd Waloszek, SAP AG, SAP User Experience
Windows Explorer | Macintosh Finder | Macromedia Dreamweaver – Site View | Hierarchical Browser | Text Notation vs. Box Notation – Lisp
See advanced presentation techniques
This page shows examples of current presentation techniques for hierarchies that are used in commercial products, such as operating systems.

Windows Explorer: The tree to the left displays nodes only; the contents of the selected node is displayed as a flat list to the right.

List view in Mac OS: displays nodes and leaves, i.e. folders and files.

A windows for each directory level in the Mac OS: Each level may individually display the items on the respective level either as icon list, as flat list or as tree, depending on the users preferences.
Site view in Macromedia Dreamweaver: Tree control displaying nodes and leaves, i.e. folders and files in one view

Left: The R/3 Session Manager uses an hierarchical browser to select and start an application. Right: The Masterfinder from Olduvai is an alternative to the Macintosh Finder and uses a hierarchical browser.
The hierarchical browser displays a path through a hierarchy, such as a hard disk directory. It also displays the nodes that reside on the same level as the folders on the path.
Lisp is a programming language used in Artificial Intelligence (AI). Lisp expressions, although called lists, are trees, which are defined using pairs of brackets. The box notation to the right is formally equivalent to the text notation.
A Lisp function in textual notation
Note: The Treemap follows a similar principle when creating the box notation from a tree presentation. |
The same function in box notation ("GraL" = Graphical Lisp, Waloszek 1993) |